As powers of the upper world, Thunderbirds wage perpetual war against aquatic spirits of the beneath world, often portrayed as malevolent serpents or felines. Their eyes shoot lightning and their wing beats issue thunder. Inhabiting the sky, Thunderbirds act as powerful, life-giving spirits who command storm clouds, which bring spring rains. Stephanie Big Eagle showing the tattoo she designed to protest the Dakota Access Pipeline. More abstract versions signify Thunderbirds with X-shaped bodies, hashes for wings and hook-like heads. Some images present the figure chest forward, head in profile and tail feathers parted, as if they were human legs. Thunderbirds are generally depicted as birds of prey or avian-human hybrids, such as a person with beak and wings. But certain qualities transcend cultures. Sometimes translated as Thunderers or Thunderbeings, the spirits’ particular attributes and stories vary by tribe and even family line. Rulers of the Upper Realmīeyond Sioux beliefs, Thunderbirds permeate the spiritual world of widespread Native groups, including the Ojibwa of the Great Lakes region, Tlingit of the Pacific Northwest, Pawnee of the plains, and about two dozen other tribes. A database of ethnographic records collected by anthropologists includes roughly 500 references to Thunderbirds in documents describing Native cultures of the Americas. every single person who got one of these tattoos participated in that prayer,” Big Eagle says. “Brothers and sisters all over the world. Known as wakinyan in Sioux languages, Thunderbirds are thought to protect the pure, clean and truthful from destructive, dishonorable forces. More than a fundraiser, it was a summoning of supernatural defense: Big Eagle says the tattoo sent a prayer, a flesh offering, to the Thunderbirds, powerful spirit-beings who rule the sky and control storms. That’s why she launched the tattoo campaign. “These forces that we’re standing up against, I wonder sometimes how human they really are.” “Peaceful, prayerful people getting attacked,” Big Eagle says. In efforts to dismantle the camps, law enforcement and mercenary agents resorted to pepper spray, rubber bullets, attack dogs, arrests, and undercover spies. For nearly 10 months, these peaceful protestors maintained camps to block construction of the 1,172-mile oil pipeline that would burrow under four states and the Missouri River, threatening Indigenous land and water. The campaign raised more than $153,000 to support the No Dakota Access Pipeline (NoDAPL) movement and its water protectors. Tattoo artists around the globe offered the image and donated a portion of each sale to a GoFundMe launched by Big Eagle and Elle Festin, an international organizer for traditional Filipino tattooists. Within weeks, the design decorated the flesh of thousands of people from Arkansas to New Zealand. The bird-being hovered above zigzags and dots, representing the river of life and seven bands of the Great Sioux Nation. “My heart was just poured into it,” she recalls.Ī tattooist and descendant of Dakota and Lakota Sioux, Big Eagle rendered an eagle-like figure, with tail feathers morphed into a tipi. In late 2016, after joining protests at Standing Rock against the Dakota Access Pipeline, Stephanie Big Eagle designed a tattoo to help the fight.
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